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KMID : 1024520160250101349
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Journal of the Environmental Sciences
2016 Volume.25 No. 10 p.1349 ~ p.1368
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Source Proximity and Meteorological Effects on Residential Ambient Concentrations of PM2.5, Organic Carbon, Elemental Carbon, and p-PAHs in Houston and Los Angeles, USA
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Kwon Jay-min
Weisel Clifford P
Morandi Maria T
Stock Thomas H
Turpin Barbara
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Abstract
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Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and several of its particle constituents measured outside homes in Houston,Texas, and Los Angeles, California, were characterized using multiple regression analysis with proximity to point and mobile sources and meteorological factors as the independent variables. PM2.5 mass and the concentrations of organic carbon (OC),elemental carbon (EC), benzo-[a]-pyrene (BaP), perylene (Per), benzo-[g,h,i]-perylene (BghiP), and coronene (Cor) were examined. Negative associations of wind speed with concentrations demonstrated the effect of dilution by high wind speed.
Atmospheric stability increase was associated with concentration increase. Petrochemical source proximity was included in the EC model in Houston. Area source proximity was not selected for any of the PM2.5 constituents' regression models. When the median values of the meteorological factors were used and the proximity to sources varied, the air concentrations calculated using the models for the eleven PM2.5 constituents outside the homes closest to influential highways were 1.5-15.8 fold higher than those outside homes furthest from the highway emission sources. When the median distance to the sources was used in the models, the concentrations of the PM2.5 constituents varied 2 to 82 fold, as the meteorological conditions varied over the observed range. We found different relationships between the two urban areas, illustrating the unique nature of urban sources and suggesting that localized sources need to be evaluated carefully to understand their potential contributions to PM2.5 mass and its particle constituents concentrations near residences, which influence baseline indoor air concentrations and personal exposures. The results of this study could assist in the appropriate design of monitoring networks for community-level sampling and help improve the
accuracy of exposure models linking emission sources with estimated pollutant concentrations at the residential level.
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KEYWORD
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Environmental monitoring, Exposure modeling, PM2.5, OC (organic carbon), EC (elemental carbon), PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), Proximity, Meteorology
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